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INTRODUCTION TO ONLINE IPM WEATHER DATA AND DEGREE DAY MODELS
for pest management decision making in Oregon
INTRODUCTION
In cooperation with the Oregon State University Entomology Department, Integrated Plant
Protection Center, Biological Computing Consortium, and Oregon Climate Service,
we have been working to make real-time daily weather data and degree-days available to serve
pest management needs for Oregon and surrounding areas. These formatted weather data are
automatically updated daily, making them relevant for pest management decision making purposes
for Extension personnel, growers, field persons, consultants and researchers who need up to date temperature and
precipitation data (and degree-day models). These data are also
formatted for use with certain IPM models in use around the Pacific Northwest.
These models include mainly degree-day development programs for insect and disease pests.
For example, the IPMP (Insect Pest Management in Peppermint) Decision Support System
uses this type of weather data for models describing development of the mint flea beetle,
strawberry root weevil, mint root borer, and variegated cutworm.
Also, certain versions of
the PETE (Predictive Extension Timing Estimator) model have been implemented
for insect pests including codling moth and some leafroller species.
LOG OF WHATS NEW
7/9/97
SPECIES ADDED TO PHENOLOGY MODEL PAGE
Now there are an additional 3 species available: cherry fruit fly, variegated cutworm, and strawberry root weevil. Note that these models were developed for use in specific crops, and may not be applicable for other crops. For example, variegated cutworm feeds on many fruit and vegetable crops, and will develop larval populations much earlier on crops other than peppermint, on which this model was developed.
7/1/97
NEW PHENOLOGY MODEL INTRODUCED
Have added a version of the calculator that allows parameterization of distinct species. This means that the calculator can now
function as a full-fledged (yet simple) degree-day/phenology model. It also means that we can easily input parameters that have
been published over the years, and use these models for field validation and then actual use in improving pest control decision making.
As this web page is still under development, be careful about using it and be sure to read the disclaimer placed in the
species library page, where individual on-line models are documented. Also, be sure to visit the
University of California Degree Day Web pages for more information
to aid in understanding models and how to make proper use of them.
6/11/97
Four new NWS sites were added: Tillamook, Florence, McMinnville, and Sexton
Summit (near Grants Pass). The calculator, map and table pages have been updated. The total number of sites on-line is now 49.
5/16/97
NEW CALCULATOR FEATURES
We have improved the new CGI degree-day calculator
and separated it from the table of weather data. New features
include a library of thresholds for different pest species, and the ability to enter a starting date for
degree-day accumulations (BIOFIX). The defaults are set for Codling moth, single sine curve calculations (the
default used by the University of California as well), January 1st for BIOFIX, and Corvallis Oregon as the
location. Be sure to make the needed selections for your pest/calculation method/starting date/and location
of choice. Be sure to select the proper "radio buttons" if you want to enter your own thresholds or use a location
from Central/Eastern Oregon; it is not done automatically. The previous JAVA version of this calculator has been
taken off-line for further improvements. Let us know if this one meets your needs and what features you would
like us to add.
5/14/97
VARIOUS IMPROVEMENTS
In response to problems encountered with different users' web browsers, a
few changes were made that should increase weather file compatibility:
1. All weather files are served from the main OSU web server now instead of
the FTP server.
2. Changed weather file extension from .wea to .txt so that most browsers
can recognize and display them as simple ascii text files.
These features were also added:
3. Updated the station list file so that station codes, counties,
elevation, latitude, and longitude are available for locating weather
stations.
4. Added 30-year historical average weather files for most NWS sites to the weather data table.
5/8/97
NEW CGI DEGREE-DAY CALCULATOR
Added a new degree-day calculator to the
weather data table
which allows the calculation of degree-days for non-Java enabled browsers. Also, this calculator
makes six calculation methods available, from simple averaging and growing degree-days to single and double
triangulation and sine curve methods Using this web page method is easy - just change the default lower temperature
threshold from the default of "50" degrees fahrenheit to the value you need, enter an upper threshold
(if desired), select a calculation method (double sine is default), click the radio button next to the location desired,
and click on the nearby "calc" button. The results will appear in a few seconds in your browser window.
Then you may print them, save as a file to your hard drive, or cut and paste the results into your spreadsheet
or word processor. The calculation for the upper threshold (if used) are based upon the horizontal cutoff method,
which is appropriate for most insects in temperate climates. This calculator is written in AWK (a UNIX scripting language), and
a DOS/WINDOWS compatible version will soon be made available for downloading and use on your own computer off-line.
3/17/97
BACK-UP SITE
If the FTP server is down, try this back-up site for
current weather data: http://128.193.86.223/wea
3/13/97
ACCESS MAP
A map of the 45 existing sites has been added, and the weather data web pages have been
revised and restructured. The pages were moved to http://www.orst.edu/Dept/IPPC/wea.
3/10/97
28 NEW SITES ADDED
We have added 28 new sites collected from National Weather Service
sources. These include most major cities in Oregon, including many in agricultural areas. The
total number of on-line weather stations is now 45! In addition, we have started an error log file to record dates
and locations when data are missing, and what has been done to replace missing data.
2/13/97
JAVA DEGREE-DAY CALCULATOR
We have version 1.0 of our new JAVA Degree-Day
Calculator on-line. Just select a location, start and stop dates, lower
and upper threshold values, and calculate degree days! The results will be
added to the weather data format in additional columns representing daily
and cumulative degree-days. These degree-days are currently calculated
using the DOUBLE triangulation method, which result in slightly different
daily degree-day values than if calculated by other methods. Let us know what you think.
7/13/96
DEGREE-DAYS ADDED TO DATA FILES
We have added DEGREE-DAYS (50 degrees Fahrenheit lower threshold,
no upper threshold). These are computed using the single triangulation calculation method, which
is nearly as accurate as the more complex methods
available such as the double sine curve method. These degree-days are
computed on a daily basis, and added to the data after PRECIPITATION.
These degree-days can be used for most organisms that use a low threshold
of 50 degrees F, including CODLING MOTH, Oblique-Banded Leafroller, Orange
Tortrix, and the predator mite Neoseiulus fallacis.
7/13/96
STATION DESCRIPTIONS FOR AGRIMET SITES
You can now retrieve full station description and recording
information, to determine if a particular station is near you and includes
the information you need. Just click on the station codes shown in the
table below.
DESCRIPTION AND FORMAT OF THE DATA
These data come from two sources, the Agrimet satellite weather network, and the National
Weather Service reporting network. Both are electronic and run automatically with daily
updates. Currently we have 17 Agrimet and 28 NWS stations online. We use computer
programs that
take these reports, sort and reformat them, calculate daily degree-days (50 F lower threshold),
and append them to
the appropriate files stored at the Biological Computing Consortium FTP site for Agrimet data
located in Cordley Hall at the OSU campus. You may also access the raw daily Agrimet data
from the FTP server at
ftp://bcc.orst.edu/pub/Weather/Agrimet_Daily_Data, and access all FTP weather data and
descriptions starting at ftp://bcc.orst.edu/pub/Weather. Both Agrimet and
NWS data are sometimes lost due to computer and satellite downtime. Because 100% accuracy is
less
important than is consistency of the data, we generally check and correct missing data within a
few
days of such an occurrence. Currently we are filling in missing temperature data with interpolated
values from
the days just prior and just after the missing days. The precipitation data are less accurate and
we do not currently support a means to fill in missing data, other than to assume "zero" values.
We have the data backed up daily at a second web site at: http://128.193.86.223/wea If the main pages are down, or the FTP
server is down, go to this site.
The the format of the data are:
Temp. Temp.
Month Day Max Min Rainfall Degree-days
deg. F deg. F inches Low threshold = 50 F
01 01 55 37 0.050 2.03
01 02 45 34 0.000 0.00
01 03 58 32 0.120 4.39
etc... more detailed format info
We are developing three forms of data:
1. Current data from this year (updated daily)
2. Historical data from recent years (e. g. 1988-1996)
3. Historical average temperature data (last 5-7 years for most
agrimet sites, 1960-1990 for national weather service sites.
These data will allow forecasting and comparisons between current and average data.
DOWNLOADING DATA
In the Table or Map,
find the weather station nearest your area of interest.
If you are not sure, you may click on the station code on the left column of the table
(Agrimet sites only) to see where
the station is located, its elevation, and what types of weather data are
recorded.
If using the table, to download data, click on either the range
of years under
"Historical data" (if available), or for the most up-to-date data
available, click where it says 1997
(Corvallis, for example). We have also added soil temperature data at four
sites to meet a requested need for this type of data.
After you have "browsed" to the data, your web browser should have an option to allow you
to save the file to your local disk
drive, in whatever directory you select. If using Netscape,
the command is "File", "Save as" in the main menu. Then you specify the local drive and
directory where you wish to save it. NOTE (4/2/97): if you are using the latest Netscape browser (Communicator
version 4 pre-release 3, you may no longer be able to "browse" the data directly. You may, however, change
your preferences [Edit, Preferences in the Netscape Menu] to allow another application to display the data, or,
you may save the file to your hard-drive for later examination. Alternatively, click the degree-day "dd" button, and the calculation results should display directly in your browser without problem.
If the FTP server is down, try this back-up site for
current weather data: http://128.193.86.223/wea
If you have problems with saving and using these files on your local PC then
check these suggestions
There are 45 sites on-line at this time. Several more sites may be made
available in the near future. Contact Len Coop to request other sites.
SUGGESTED USES FOR THE DATA
These data are intended to primarily supply real-time access to formatted temperature and
precipitation information to inform pest management decision making in Oregon. Various pests in
different crops have been researched, and their development can often be predicted using degree-
days. At Oregon State University, we are compiling known information about certain pest species
concerning development, threshold temperatures, and expected degree-days for the appearance of
different life stages. We will present this information in the form of tables. Then using a degree-
day calculator, such as our
Java Degree-Day Calculator, select the location, enter the developmental threshold and
starting date, and calculate degree days for the pest species of interest. The resulting degree-days
can then be compared to the tabled information, and this provides a prediction of which life stages
are present. Sampling and control activities depend on this type of information.
Alternatively, If you know that the pest species of interest has a developmental threshold of 50 F,
such as the Codling Moth, then you may use degree-days already calculated in the last column of
the weather data files. These degree-days are calculated from each days temperature data using a
single triangulation method. You will need to add up these degree-days over the interval of your
choice to result in cumulative degree-days. You may do this by hand using a calculator, or with a
computer spreadsheet.
In the future, we will be including more sophisticated models of pest development on these pages,
and plan to be able to account for terrain and geographic variation in developmental predictions.
[Intro]
[Data Table]
[Data Map]
[DD Calc]
[DD Models]
[Links]
This project funded in part by a grant from the USDA-Western Regional IPM program.
On-line since April 5, 1996
Last updated July 9, 1997
Contact Len Coop at coopl@bcc.orst.edu if you
have any questions about this information.
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