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LIBRARY OF DEGREE-DAY MODELS FOR INSECTS AND PLANTS
for pest management decision making in Oregon
INTRODUCTION
As degree-day models for specific insects and plants are placed on-line, appropriate documentation will be
placed in this page. Whereever possible, the original published references have been used to prepare
this documentation. In some cases, data are too new to have been published and will be presented
here or within linked pages. In other cases, the summary information prepared by the University of
California at Davis has been repeated here if appropriate.
Disclaimer: No claims are made as to the correctness or appropriateness of this information for your
particular needs. No specific pest control products are intended for endorsement or use. This responsibility rests
solely with the people who interpret and implement information from this and other
sources. Use all predictive information with caution - errors occur, and predictive models do not
replace the need for proper monitoring in the field. If you observe conditions that differ substantially
from model predictions, please contact us to determine if the model inputs were incorrect, if
the model functioning or weather data are in error, or if the model is inappropriate for
your conditions.
LOG OF WHATS NEW
7/9/97
Added variegated cutworm and strawberry root weevil models
7/7/97
Added cherry fruit fly model of AliNiazee (1979)
7/1/97
Implemented 4 species models: codling moth, filbertworm, european pine shoot moth, and sweet corn.
6/30/97
Initiated this version of the degree-day calculator to include specific parameters that allows
the actual modeling of pests and plant species.
LIBRARY OF INSECT & CROP MODELS DOCUMENTED
Codling Moth (apple and pear)
European Pine Shoot Moth (ornimentals)
Filbertworm (hazelnut)
Strawberry Root Weevil (peppermint)
Sweetcorn
Variegated Cutworm (peppermint)
Western Cherry Fruit Fly (cherry)
Codling Moth Model (Brunner & Hoyt 1987)
PRIMARY REFERENCE: Brunner and Hoyt 1987 - Excerpts
OTHER MODEL REFERENCES AT: U. C. Davis Catalog of Phenology Models: Codling Moth
MODEL SUMMARY VERSION: Brunner, J. F. and S. C. Hoyt. 1987.
Codling Moth Control - A New Tool For Timing Sprays.
Washington State University Cooperative Extension Bulletin 1072
LOCATION OF STUDY: Washington
DEVELOPMENTAL THRESHOLDS
LOWER: 50.0F (10.0C)
UPPER: 88.0F (31.1C)
METHOD OF CALCULATION: Single Sine
CUTOFF METHOD: Horizontal
DEGREE-DAY ACCUMULATIONS REQUIRED FOR EACH STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
HOST: Apple and pear DD (F) DD (C)
GENERATION TIME (EGG TO EGG): 880.0 488.9
GENERATION TIME (50% EGG HATCH TO SAME 1096.0 608.9
SET OUT TRAPS: 150 DD after January 1
BIOFIX: First consistent or large (3-4 in a single trap)
catch of adults in the phermone trap - input by user
or default set at April 15
DD (F) DD (C)
3% EGG HATCH (1ST GEN): 250.0 138.9
20% EGG HATCH(1ST GEN): 360.0 200.0
50% EGG HATCH(1ST GEN): 484.0 268.9
75% EGG HATCH(1ST GEN): 610.0 338.9
95% EGG HATCH(1ST GEN): 800.0 444.4
5% ADULT EMERGENCE (2ND GEN): 1000.0 555.6
7% EGG HATCH (2ND GEN): 1260.0 700.0
30% EGG HATCH(2ND GEN): 1460.0 811.1
50% EGG HATCH(2ND GEN): 1580.0 877.8
75% EGG HATCH(2ND GEN): 1750.0 972.2
95% EGG HATCH(2ND GEN): 2000.0 1111.1
European Pine Shoot Moth Model (Regan et al. 1991)
PRIMARY REFERENCE: Regan et al. 1991 - Abstract
OTHER MODEL REFERENCES AT: none available at this time
MODEL SUMMARY VERSION: Regan, R. P., J. D. De Angelis, adn G. Gredler. 1991.
Predicting Seasonal Flight of European Pine Shoot Moth (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae) in Western Oregon. Environ. Entomol. 20(5): 1403-1406.
LOCATION OF STUDY: near Salem, Oregon
DEVELOPMENTAL THRESHOLDS
LOWER: 28.0F (-2.2C)
UPPER: none used
METHOD OF CALCULATION: Single Sine
CUTOFF METHOD: none used
DEGREE-DAY ACCUMULATIONS REQUIRED FOR EACH STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
HOST: Pinus spp. DD (F) DD (C)
GENERATION TIME (EGG TO EGG): 880.0 488.9
GENERATION TIME (50% EGG HATCH TO SAME 1096.0 608.9
SET OUT TRAPS: 150 DD after January 1
BIOFIX: January 1
DD (F) DD (C)
FIRST MOTH CATCH IN TRAPS: 2970.0 1650.0
10% MOTH CATCH IN TRAPS: 3081.0 1712.0
50% MOTH CATCH IN TRAPS: 3524.0 1958.0
75% MOTH CATCH IN TRAPS: 3816.0 2120.0
90% MOTH CATCH IN TRAPS: 3969.0 2205.0
Filbertworm Model (AliNiazee 1983)
PRIMARY REFERENCE: AliNiazee 1983 - Complete
OTHER MODEL REFERENCES AT: none available at this time
MODEL SUMMARY VERSION: AliNiazee, M. T. 1983.
A Degree-Day Method for Predicting the Filbertworm Emergence.
Proc. Nut Growers Soc. of Oreg. Wash and Brit. Columbia. Vol. 68:37-39.
LOCATION OF STUDY: Willamette Valley, Oregon
DEVELOPMENTAL THRESHOLDS
LOWER: 51.0F (10.55C)
UPPER: none used
METHOD OF CALCULATION: Simple Averaging (also known as Max-min method)
CUTOFF METHOD: none used
DEGREE-DAY ACCUMULATIONS REQUIRED FOR EACH STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
HOST: Filbert
SET OUT TRAPS: ca. 500 DD after April 1
BIOFIX: April 1
DD (F) DD (C)
EARLIEST RECORDED MOTH EMERGENCE: 580.0 322.2
AVERAGE FIRST MOTH EMERGENCE: 610.0 338.9
EARLIEST RECORDED PEAK MOTH EMERGENCE:1158.0 643.3
AVERAGE PEAK MOTH EMERGENCE: 1188.0 660.0
LATEST RECORDED PEAK MOTH EMERGENCE: 1217.0 676.1
Strawberry Root Weevil Model (Cacka 1983)
PRIMARY REFERENCE: Cacka 1982 - Abstract
OTHER MODEL REFERENCES AT: none available at this time
MODEL SUMMARY VERSION: Cacka J. F. 1982.
Biology, distribution and economic threshold of the strawberry
root weevil, Oriorhynchus ovatus (L.), in peppermint.
M. S. Thesis, Dept. Entomology, Oregon State University.
LOCATION OF STUDY: Central Oregon
DEVELOPMENTAL THRESHOLDS
LOWER: 48.0F (8.89C)
UPPER: 103.0F (39.4C)
METHOD OF CALCULATION: Single Sine
CUTOFF METHOD: horizontal
DEGREE-DAY ACCUMULATIONS REQUIRED FOR EACH STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
HOST: Peppermint
SET OUT TRAPS: none
BIOFIX: January 1
DD (F) DD (C)
OVERWINTERING LARVAE OUT OF DIAPAUSE: 225.0 125.2
PUPAL DEVELOPMENT BEGINS: 375.0 208.3
TENERAL ADULT DEVELOPMENT BEGINS: 500.0 277.8
PEAK ADULT EMERGENCE: 700.0 388.9
PEAK EGGLAYING: 950.0 527.8
PEAK EGG HATCH: 1200.0 666.7
EGG HATCH NEARLY COMPLETED: 1300.0 722.2
Sweetcorn (Jubilee) Model (Coop et al. 1993)
PRIMARY REFERENCE: Coop et al. 1993 - Excerpts
OTHER MODEL REFERENCES AT: none available at this time
MODEL SUMMARY VERSION: L. B. Coop, B. A. Croft, and R. J. Drapek. 1993.
Model of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Development, Damage,
and Crop Loss in Sweet Corn. J. Econ. Entomol. 86(3): 906-916.
LOCATION OF STUDY: Willamette Valley, Oregon
DEVELOPMENTAL THRESHOLDS
LOWER: 50.0F (10.0C)
UPPER: 86.0 (30.0)
METHOD OF CALCULATION: Growing Degree-Days
CUTOFF METHOD: Substitution (similar to horizontal cutoff)
DEGREE-DAY ACCUMULATIONS REQUIRED FOR EACH STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
BIOFIX: Date of Planting (input by user or default date of May 1)
DD (F) DD (C)
FIRST EMERGENCE FROM SOIL 104.0 57.8
5 LEAF STAGE 308.0 171.1
7 LEAF STAGE 445.0 247.2
9 LEAF STAGE 617.0 342.8
11 LEAF STAGE 772.0 428.9
5 INCH TASSELS 883.0 490.6
10 INCH TASSELS 960.0 533.3
5% SILK EMERGENCE 1005.0 558.3
50% SILK EMERGENCE 1062.0 590.0
95% SILK EMERGENCE 1145.0 636.1
50% BROWN SILKS DEVELOP 1288.0 715.6
95% BROWN SILKS DEVELOP 1412.0 784.4
FRESH MARKET HARVEST 1539.0 855.0
PROCESSING MARKET HARVEST 1597.0 887.2
Variegated Cutworm Model (Coop 1987)
PRIMARY REFERENCE: Coop 1987 - Abstract
OTHER MODEL REFERENCES AT: U. C. Davis Catalog of Phenology Models: Variegated cutworm
MODEL SUMMARY VERSION: Coop L. B. 1987.
Management of Variegated Cutworm in Peppermint.
PhD Thesis, Dept. Entomology, Oregon State University.
LOCATION OF STUDY: Willamette Valley, Oregon
DEVELOPMENTAL THRESHOLDS
LOWER: 41.0F (5.0C)
UPPER: 88.0F (31.1C)
METHOD OF CALCULATION: Single Sine
CUTOFF METHOD: horizontal
DEGREE-DAY ACCUMULATIONS REQUIRED FOR EACH STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
HOST: Peppermint
SET OUT TRAPS: May 1 (flight occuring earlier can affect other crops)
BIOFIX: May 1
DD (F) DD (C)
PEAK MOTH CATCH IN PHEROMONE TRAPS: 500.0 277.8
PEAK EGG LAYING: 900.0 500.0
PEAK 1ST INSTAR LARVAE: 1150.0 638.9
END OF OW GENERATION ADULT FLIGHT: 1300.0 722.2
PEAK 3RD INSTAR LARVAE: 1450.0 805.6
PEAK 5TH INSTAR LARVAE: 1900.0 1055.6
PEAK PUPATION: 2100.0 1166.6
Western Cherry Fruit Fly Model (AliNiazee 1979)
PRIMARY REFERENCE: AliNiazee 1979 - Abstract
OTHER MODEL REFERENCES AT: U. C. Davis Catalog of Phenology Models: Western cherry fruit fly
MODEL SUMMARY VERSION: AliNiazee, M. T. 1979.
A computerized phenology model for predicting biological events of Rhagoletis
indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae). Can. Ent. 111: 1101-1109.
LOCATION OF STUDY: Albany, Oregon (field studies)
DEVELOPMENTAL THRESHOLD
LOWER: 41.0F (5.0C)
METHOD OF CALCULATION: Simple averaging (also known as Max-Min method)
DEGREE-DAY ACCUMULATIONS REQUIRED FOR EACH STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
START DATE: March 1 DD (F) DD (C)
FIRST ADULT SPRING EMERGENCE: 831.6 462.0
BEGINNING OF EGG-LAYING: 973.8 541.0
EGG HATCH: 1069.2 594.0
50% ADULT SPRING EMERGENCE: 1135.8 631.0
PEAK EGG-LAYING: 1233.0 685.0
PUPATION: 1431.0 795.0
[Intro]
[Data Table]
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[DD Calc]
[DD Models]
[Links]
This project funded in part by a grant from the USDA-Western Regional IPM program.
This page on-line since July 1, 1997
Last updated July 9, 1997
Contact Len Coop at coopl@bcc.orst.edu if you
have any questions or comments about these web pages.
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