IPM degree-day data and models - model documentation (insects and crops)

LIBRARY OF DEGREE-DAY MODELS FOR INSECTS AND PLANTS

for pest management decision making in Oregon

INTRODUCTION
As degree-day models for specific insects and plants are placed on-line, appropriate documentation will be placed in this page. Wherever possible, the original published references have been used to prepare this documentation. In some cases, data are too new to have been published and will be presented here or within linked pages. In other cases, the summary information prepared by the University of California at Davis has been repeated here if appropriate.

Disclaimer: No claims are made as to the correctness or appropriateness of this information for your particular needs. No specific pest control products are intended for endorsement or use. This responsibility rests solely with the people who interpret and implement information from this and other sources. Use all predictive information with caution - errors occur, and predictive models do not replace the need for proper monitoring in the field. If you observe conditions that differ substantially from model predictions, please contact us to determine if the model inputs were incorrect, if the model functioning or weather data are in error, or if the model is inappropriate for your conditions.

LIBRARY OF SELECTED INSECT & CROP MODELS DOCUMENTED
small broomrape (weed pest of red clover)
bertha armyworm (vegetables and peppermint)
black cutworm (vegetables)
cabbage looper (vegetables)
codling moth (apple and pear)
european pine shoot moth (ornamental)
filbertworm (hazelnut)
obliquebanded leafroller (hazelnut & small fruits)
obliquebanded leafroller (tree fruits)
orange tortrix (small fruits)
Pandemis leafroller (tree fruits)
strawberry root weevil (peppermint)
sweet corn
variegated cutworm (peppermint)
western cherry fruit fly (cherry)
walnut husk fly (stone fruits)

black cutworm - under construction

cabbage looper - under construction

orange tortrix - under construction

Small Broomrape Model (Colquhoun in press)

PRIMARY REFERENCE: Weed Science in press

MODEL SUMMARY VERSION:  Colquhoun 2004
LOCATION OF STUDY:  Willamette Valley, Oregon (laboratory plus 3 years field studies)
HOST: red clover (PNW Weed Management Handbook page)
DEVELOPMENTAL THRESHOLDS
  LOWER:  32F  (0 C)
  UPPER:  none
METHOD OF CALCULATION: simple average (also known as growing degree-days for agronomic crops)
CUTOFF METHOD:	none
DEGREE-DAY ACCUMULATIONS REQUIRED FOR EACH STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
      HOST:  red clover
      BIOFIX:  Jan 1

                                          DD (F)     DD (C)
  INITIAL ATTACHMENT TO RED CLOVER:        720        400
  BEGINNING OF HERBICIDE APPLIC. WINDOW*: 1440        800
  (majority of small broomrape attached 
   to host, no emerged parasites)
  END OF HERBICIDE APPLIC. WINDOW*:       1800       1000
  SMALL BROOMRAPE FLOWER STALK EMERGENCE: 1980       1100
  BEGINNING OF RED CLOVER GROWTH
    REDUCTION DUE TO PARASITISM:          2160       1200

  *NOTE: check herbicide pregrazing and preharvest intervals prior to any application

Summary and Background:
Small broomrape is an annual, parasitic weed that was discovered in red clover seed production near Canby in 1998, and since has spread rapidly through clover production in the Willamette Valley. It spends about 5 months below ground attached to the host, emerges in late-spring, and produces about 1 million dust-like seeds per stalk 3 weeks or so after emergence. Thus, the difficulty is in discovering the below ground attachments in a field prior to emergence so that they can be controlled early enough to prevent yield loss or seed production. Postemergence control does not work well given that viable seed is produced 3 weeks after emergence. With this in mind, we conducted controlled environment studies to characterize small broomrape development on red clover relative to temperature. The model was validated with 3 years of field observations in red clover near Aurora, OR, and was pretty accurate in all years. We used a GDD base of 0 C and began GDD accumulation on January 1.

Bertha Armyworm (Bailey 1976)

PRIMARY REFERENCE: Bailey 1976 - Abstract

MODEL SUMMARY VERSION:  Bailey, C. G. 1976.
Temperature effects on non-diapause development in Mamestra configurata
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Can. Ent. 108: 1339-1344.
LOCATION OF STUDY:  Winnipeg, Canada (laboratory studies)
HOST: artificial diet
DEVELOPMENTAL THRESHOLDS
  LOWER:  45F  (7.0C)
  UPPER:  93F  (34.0C)
METHOD OF CALCULATION:  not specified (assume single sine)
CUTOFF METHOD:			not specified (assume horizontal)
DEGREE-DAY ACCUMULATIONS REQUIRED FOR EACH STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
      HOST:  Broccoli
      SET OUT TRAPS:  May 1 (or earlier)
      BIOFIX:  May 15 (Default, or use first peak trap counts)

                                          DD (F)     DD (C)
  BEGINNING OF EGG-LAYING:                175.0       97.2
  (not included; assume 7 days from misc sources)
  BEGINNING OF EGG HATCH:                 325.0      180.6
  BEGINNING OF 4th INSTAR LARVAE:         560.0      311.1
  BEGINNING OF 5th INSTAR LARVAE:         630.0      350.1
  BEGINNING OF 6th INSTAR LARVAE:         725.0      402.8
  BEGINNING OF PUPAE:                     965.0      536.1
  BEGINNING ADULT EMERGENCE:             1600.0      888.9
  BEGINNING 2ND GENERATION EGG-LAYING:   1800.0     1000.0

Codling Moth Model (Brunner & Hoyt 1987)

PRIMARY REFERENCE: Brunner and Hoyt 1987 - Excerpts

OTHER MODEL REFERENCES AT: U. C. IPM Phenology Model Database: Codling Moth

MODEL SUMMARY VERSION: Brunner, J. F. and S. C. Hoyt. 1987.
Codling Moth Control - A New Tool For Timing Sprays.
Washington State University Cooperative Extension Bulletin 1072
LOCATION OF STUDY:  Washington
DEVELOPMENTAL THRESHOLDS
  LOWER:  50.0F  (10.0C)
  UPPER:  88.0F  (31.1C)
METHOD OF CALCULATION:  Single Sine
CUTOFF METHOD:          Horizontal
DEGREE-DAY ACCUMULATIONS REQUIRED FOR EACH STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
  HOST:  Apple and pear                  DD (F)     DD (C)
  GENERATION TIME (EGG TO EGG):           880.0      488.9
  GENERATION TIME (50% EGG HATCH TO SAME 1096.0      608.9
  
  SET OUT TRAPS:  150 DD after January 1
  BIOFIX:  First consistent or large (3-4 in a single trap)
           catch of adults in the phermone trap - input by user
		   or default set at April 15
		   
                                         DD (F)     DD (C)
  3% EGG HATCH (1ST GEN):                 250.0      138.9
  20% EGG HATCH(1ST GEN):                 360.0      200.0
  50% EGG HATCH(1ST GEN):                 484.0      268.9
  75% EGG HATCH(1ST GEN):                 610.0      338.9
  95% EGG HATCH(1ST GEN):                 800.0      444.4
  5% ADULT EMERGENCE (2ND GEN):          1000.0      555.6
  7% EGG HATCH (2ND GEN):                1260.0      700.0
  30% EGG HATCH(2ND GEN):                1460.0      811.1
  50% EGG HATCH(2ND GEN):                1580.0      877.8
  75% EGG HATCH(2ND GEN):                1750.0      972.2
  95% EGG HATCH(2ND GEN):                2000.0     1111.1